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angular security: preventing dom xss with trusted types (angular 12+)

this tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on how to leverage *trusted types* in angular 12+ to mitigate *dom-based cross-site scripting (dom xss)* vulnerabilities. we'll delve into the principles of trusted types, its implementation in angular, and practical code examples to illustrate its usage.

*1. understanding dom xss*

dom xss vulnerabilities arise when a web application processes untrusted data and uses it to manipulate the document object model (dom) in a way that allows an attacker to inject malicious javascript code.

*common scenarios leading to dom xss:*

*directly using `innerhtml`, `outerhtml`, `document.write`, etc.:* when user-controlled data is directly inserted into these properties or methods, it can be interpreted as html and potentially execute injected scripts.

*modifying dom attributes with user input:* attributes like `href` on `a` tags, `src` on `img` tags, or event handlers like `onclick` can be exploited if they're set with untrusted data containing javascript.

*using javascript sinks (e.g., `eval`, `settimeout`, `function` constructor):* these functions execute javascript code provided as strings, making them highly susceptible to xss if user-provided input is used.

*example of dom xss (vulnerable code):*



in this example, a malicious user can craft a url with a payload in the `name` parameter, injecting javascript that will execute when the page loads.

*2. introduction to trusted types*

trusted types is a browser security feature designed to prevent dom xss vulnerabilities by enforcing strict control over how strings are used in potentially dangerous dom manipulation sinks (like `innerhtml`, `src`, `href`, etc.). instead of directly passing strings to these sinks, you must first "wrap" them in a trusted type object.

*key principles:*

*type checking:* trusted types introduces new types (e.g., `trustedhtml`, `trus ...

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